Example Concept: The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) in Kubernetes automatically scales the number of pod replicas in a deployment, replication controller, or stateful set based on observed metrics like CPU utilization or custom metrics. It continuously monitors these metrics and adjusts the number of replicas to meet the desired target, ensuring applications can handle varying levels of traffic efficiently. This autoscaling mechanism is crucial for maintaining application performance and resource optimization in cloud-native environments.