Example Concept: Database scaling in managed cloud services often utilizes horizontal scaling techniques, such as adding read replicas to distribute read traffic and improve query performance. Vertical scaling can be achieved by upgrading instance types to handle more intensive workloads. Additionally, implementing caching layers, like Redis or Memcached, can offload frequent read requests from the database, reducing latency and improving throughput. Cloud providers often offer auto-scaling features that automatically adjust resources based on demand, ensuring optimal performance and cost management.